Primary Cause of Pterygium: UV Exposure
The strongest link to pterygium development is ultraviolet light exposure during childhood. The first 10 years of life appear particularly crucial, with early sun exposure significantly increasing the likelihood of pterygium developing later.
This explains why pterygium is often called a “surfer’s eye” – though it affects people from all walks of life who’ve had significant UV exposure.
Environmental Triggers:
Beyond UV light, several environmental factors contribute to pterygium formation:
Dry conditions – Insufficient eye surface moisture, common in:
- Air-conditioned environments
- Windy outdoor conditions
- Low-humidity climates
Dust and irritants – Frequent exposure to:
- Construction sites
- Agricultural environments
- Dusty outdoor work
Reflected UV – Amplified exposure from:
- Water surfaces
- Sand and concrete
- Snow (for those in alpine areas)